{
 "id": "space_launches",
 "title": "Orbital launches per year",
 "label": "Public data",
 "source": "Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects): launch list and organisations table; cross-checked against CelesTrak SATCAT",
 "source_urls": {
  "gcat_home": "https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/",
  "launch_list_tsv": "https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/tsv/launch/launch.tsv",
  "organisations_tsv": "https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/tsv/tables/orgs.tsv",
  "launch_columns": "https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/web/launch/lcols.html",
  "launch_service_codes": "https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/web/intro/service.html",
  "success_fractions": "https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/web/intro/success.html",
  "celestrak_satcat_csv": "https://celestrak.org/pub/satcat.csv",
  "celestrak_gp_documentation": "https://celestrak.org/NORAD/documentation/gp-data-formats.php"
 },
 "license": "CC BY 4.0. GCAT's own words: \"GCAT is released under the Creative Commons CC-BY licence. You are free to use the data in GCAT as long as you include a citation to it.\" Checked on the GCAT introduction page on 2026-10-08.",
 "credit": "Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat). Full citation: McDowell, Jonathan C., 2020. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects, Release 1.8.8, https://planet4589.org/space/gcat",
 "retrieved": "2026-10-08",
 "period": "1957 to 2026 (launch list updated 2026 Oct 2)",
 "release": "GCAT Release 1.8.8 (2026 Sep 3), data update 2026 Oct 2; launch.tsv header stamp: 2026 Oct  2 2147:05. Last orbital launch in the list: 2026-10-02 (2026-228).",
 "unit": "Number of orbital launch attempts per calendar year (UTC)",
 "basis": "An orbital launch attempt is a GCAT launch-list row whose LaunchCode starts with O and whose second letter is S (success) or F (failure). Rows with E (pad explosion) or A (pad abort) are left out because no launch occurred. A launch counts as a success when its score is 75 or higher: S with no digits is 100, F with no digits is 0, and digits give the percentage (S66 is a failure under the 0.75 rule). Country is the launching state of the Agency in the GCAT organisations table (the first listed organisation when the code names two), so a Rocket Lab launch from New Zealand counts as New Zealand. Provider type is the launch service type in the Group column: G is a government rocket; C, CO, CG and CX are commercial variants.",
 "query": "No API. Downloaded launch.tsv (75,992 rows, every launch since 1942, suborbital and orbital) and orgs.tsv, kept rows with LaunchCode O (orbital, 7,189), dropped 17 pad explosions and aborts, and counted 7,172 attempts by UTC year of Launch_Date, by launching state, by launch service type and by outcome. Cross-check: SATCAT's distinct launch designators per year equal GCAT's orbital and deep-space launches that reached space in 59 of 70 years (never off by more than 4), and SATCAT's 2025 count (315) equals the 315 that CelesTrak states for 2025.",
 "caveat": "GCAT is one researcher's catalog and is revised as evidence arrives; 2026 is partial (to 2026-10-02). Orbital means the launch targeted a positive perigee, and GCAT includes some Starship test flights where this is unclear. Success follows GCAT's launch success fraction (propulsive success of the launch vehicle; a payload can still fail later), and a few launches carry intermediate scores. Country is the state of the launch service organisation, not the payload owner or the launch site; Soviet and Russian launches are combined, and Europe combines France, ESA, ELDO, Italy, the UK and Germany as GCAT codes them. The provider-type split follows GCAT's launch service code, a judgement about who ran and paid for the flight, and 7 launches are not classified. The megaconstellation flag is GCAT's own marker for the main megaconstellations. SpaceX is counted by the GCAT agency code SPX, which includes Starship test flights.",
 "latest": {
  "year": 2026,
  "attempts": 236,
  "successes": 229,
  "last_launch": "2026-10-02",
  "partial_year": true
 },
 "first_launch": {
  "tag": "1957 ALP",
  "date": "1957-10-04",
  "vehicle": "Sputnik 8K71PS",
  "success": true
 },
 "totals": {
  "orbital_rows": 7189,
  "not_launches_dropped": 17,
  "attempts": 7172,
  "successes": 6662,
  "failures": 510,
  "success_rate_pct": 92.9
 },
 "peak_full_year": {
  "year": "2025",
  "attempts": 324
 },
 "year_2025": {
  "attempts": 324,
  "success_rate_pct": 96.6,
  "spacex": 167,
  "spacex_share_pct": 51.5,
  "everyone_else": 157,
  "megaconstellation": 154,
  "megaconstellation_share_pct": 47.5,
  "commercial": 225,
  "commercial_share_pct": 69.4
 },
 "year_2015": {
  "attempts": 85,
  "spacex": 6,
  "everyone_else": 79
 },
 "current_year": {
  "commercial_share_pct": 72.5,
  "spacex_share_pct": 48.7,
  "success_rate_pct": 97.0
 },
 "highest_before_2018": {
  "year": "1976",
  "attempts": 129
 },
 "by_year": [
  {
   "year": "1957",
   "attempts": 3,
   "successes": 2,
   "failures": 1,
   "success_rate_pct": 66.7,
   "United States": 1,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 2,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 3,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 3,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1958",
   "attempts": 28,
   "successes": 8,
   "failures": 20,
   "success_rate_pct": 28.6,
   "United States": 23,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 5,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 28,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 28,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1959",
   "attempts": 19,
   "successes": 9,
   "failures": 10,
   "success_rate_pct": 47.4,
   "United States": 18,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 1,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 19,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 19,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1960",
   "attempts": 37,
   "successes": 18,
   "failures": 19,
   "success_rate_pct": 48.6,
   "United States": 28,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 9,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 37,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 37,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1961",
   "attempts": 49,
   "successes": 31,
   "failures": 18,
   "success_rate_pct": 63.3,
   "United States": 41,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 8,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 49,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 49,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1962",
   "attempts": 76,
   "successes": 62,
   "failures": 14,
   "success_rate_pct": 81.6,
   "United States": 55,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 21,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 76,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 76,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1963",
   "attempts": 68,
   "successes": 51,
   "failures": 17,
   "success_rate_pct": 75.0,
   "United States": 46,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 22,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 68,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 68,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1964",
   "attempts": 94,
   "successes": 79,
   "failures": 15,
   "success_rate_pct": 84.0,
   "United States": 60,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 34,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 94,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 94,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1965",
   "attempts": 113,
   "successes": 99,
   "failures": 14,
   "success_rate_pct": 87.6,
   "United States": 66,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 46,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 1,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 113,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 113,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1966",
   "attempts": 120,
   "successes": 103,
   "failures": 17,
   "success_rate_pct": 85.8,
   "United States": 71,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 46,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 1,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 118,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 2,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 120,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1967",
   "attempts": 127,
   "successes": 112,
   "failures": 15,
   "success_rate_pct": 88.2,
   "United States": 51,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 72,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 3,
   "Other countries": 1,
   "government": 127,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 127,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1968",
   "attempts": 121,
   "successes": 111,
   "failures": 10,
   "success_rate_pct": 91.7,
   "United States": 45,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 75,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 1,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 121,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 121,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1969",
   "attempts": 115,
   "successes": 97,
   "failures": 18,
   "success_rate_pct": 84.3,
   "United States": 35,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 78,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 1,
   "Other countries": 1,
   "government": 115,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 115,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1970",
   "attempts": 119,
   "successes": 108,
   "failures": 11,
   "success_rate_pct": 90.8,
   "United States": 28,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 83,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 5,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 119,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 119,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1971",
   "attempts": 126,
   "successes": 111,
   "failures": 15,
   "success_rate_pct": 88.1,
   "United States": 30,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 87,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 6,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 126,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 126,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1972",
   "attempts": 108,
   "successes": 100,
   "failures": 8,
   "success_rate_pct": 92.6,
   "United States": 29,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 77,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 1,
   "Other countries": 1,
   "government": 108,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 108,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1973",
   "attempts": 108,
   "successes": 101,
   "failures": 7,
   "success_rate_pct": 93.5,
   "United States": 22,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 84,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 1,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 108,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 108,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1974",
   "attempts": 110,
   "successes": 102,
   "failures": 8,
   "success_rate_pct": 92.7,
   "United States": 22,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 83,
   "China": 2,
   "Europe": 2,
   "Other countries": 1,
   "government": 110,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 110,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1975",
   "attempts": 128,
   "successes": 121,
   "failures": 7,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.5,
   "United States": 28,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 91,
   "China": 3,
   "Europe": 4,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 128,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 128,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1976",
   "attempts": 129,
   "successes": 124,
   "failures": 5,
   "success_rate_pct": 96.1,
   "United States": 25,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 99,
   "China": 3,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 129,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 129,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1977",
   "attempts": 128,
   "successes": 121,
   "failures": 7,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.5,
   "United States": 24,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 102,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 128,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 128,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1978",
   "attempts": 123,
   "successes": 117,
   "failures": 6,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.1,
   "United States": 30,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 89,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 0,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 122,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 1,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 123,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1979",
   "attempts": 110,
   "successes": 105,
   "failures": 5,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.5,
   "United States": 16,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 89,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 1,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 110,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 110,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1980",
   "attempts": 108,
   "successes": 103,
   "failures": 5,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.4,
   "United States": 15,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 89,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 1,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 108,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 108,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1981",
   "attempts": 124,
   "successes": 120,
   "failures": 4,
   "success_rate_pct": 96.8,
   "United States": 19,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 98,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 2,
   "Other countries": 4,
   "government": 124,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 124,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1982",
   "attempts": 129,
   "successes": 119,
   "failures": 10,
   "success_rate_pct": 92.2,
   "United States": 18,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 108,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 1,
   "Other countries": 1,
   "government": 129,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 129,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1983",
   "attempts": 126,
   "successes": 124,
   "failures": 2,
   "success_rate_pct": 98.4,
   "United States": 22,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 97,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 2,
   "Other countries": 4,
   "government": 126,
   "commercial": 0,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 126,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1984",
   "attempts": 127,
   "successes": 124,
   "failures": 3,
   "success_rate_pct": 97.6,
   "United States": 22,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 95,
   "China": 3,
   "Europe": 4,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 123,
   "commercial": 3,
   "unclassified": 1,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 127,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1985",
   "attempts": 122,
   "successes": 117,
   "failures": 5,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.9,
   "United States": 18,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 100,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 3,
   "Other countries": 0,
   "government": 119,
   "commercial": 3,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 122,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1986",
   "attempts": 110,
   "successes": 102,
   "failures": 8,
   "success_rate_pct": 92.7,
   "United States": 9,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 94,
   "China": 2,
   "Europe": 3,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 106,
   "commercial": 3,
   "unclassified": 1,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 110,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1987",
   "attempts": 114,
   "successes": 108,
   "failures": 6,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.7,
   "United States": 9,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 97,
   "China": 2,
   "Europe": 2,
   "Other countries": 4,
   "government": 112,
   "commercial": 2,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 114,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1988",
   "attempts": 119,
   "successes": 113,
   "failures": 6,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.0,
   "United States": 11,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 92,
   "China": 4,
   "Europe": 8,
   "Other countries": 4,
   "government": 112,
   "commercial": 7,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 119,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1989",
   "attempts": 100,
   "successes": 99,
   "failures": 1,
   "success_rate_pct": 99.0,
   "United States": 16,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 75,
   "China": 0,
   "Europe": 7,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 84,
   "commercial": 15,
   "unclassified": 1,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 100,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1990",
   "attempts": 119,
   "successes": 112,
   "failures": 7,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.1,
   "United States": 26,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 79,
   "China": 5,
   "Europe": 6,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 97,
   "commercial": 22,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 119,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1991",
   "attempts": 91,
   "successes": 86,
   "failures": 5,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.5,
   "United States": 19,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 61,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 8,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 75,
   "commercial": 16,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 91,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1992",
   "attempts": 95,
   "successes": 92,
   "failures": 3,
   "success_rate_pct": 96.8,
   "United States": 27,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 55,
   "China": 4,
   "Europe": 7,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 73,
   "commercial": 22,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 95,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1993",
   "attempts": 83,
   "successes": 77,
   "failures": 6,
   "success_rate_pct": 92.8,
   "United States": 25,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 48,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 7,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 62,
   "commercial": 21,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 83,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1994",
   "attempts": 91,
   "successes": 87,
   "failures": 4,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.6,
   "United States": 25,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 49,
   "China": 5,
   "Europe": 8,
   "Other countries": 4,
   "government": 72,
   "commercial": 19,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 91,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1995",
   "attempts": 79,
   "successes": 72,
   "failures": 7,
   "success_rate_pct": 91.1,
   "United States": 29,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 33,
   "China": 3,
   "Europe": 11,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 51,
   "commercial": 28,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 79,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1996",
   "attempts": 74,
   "successes": 68,
   "failures": 6,
   "success_rate_pct": 91.9,
   "United States": 30,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 27,
   "China": 4,
   "Europe": 11,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 44,
   "commercial": 30,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 74,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1997",
   "attempts": 87,
   "successes": 83,
   "failures": 4,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.4,
   "United States": 36,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 29,
   "China": 6,
   "Europe": 12,
   "Other countries": 4,
   "government": 48,
   "commercial": 39,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 87,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1998",
   "attempts": 78,
   "successes": 72,
   "failures": 6,
   "success_rate_pct": 92.3,
   "United States": 33,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 25,
   "China": 6,
   "Europe": 11,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 39,
   "commercial": 39,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 78,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1999",
   "attempts": 76,
   "successes": 68,
   "failures": 8,
   "success_rate_pct": 89.5,
   "United States": 29,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 22,
   "China": 4,
   "Europe": 16,
   "Other countries": 5,
   "government": 31,
   "commercial": 45,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 76,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2000",
   "attempts": 85,
   "successes": 81,
   "failures": 4,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.3,
   "United States": 29,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 32,
   "China": 5,
   "Europe": 16,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 36,
   "commercial": 49,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 85,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2001",
   "attempts": 56,
   "successes": 54,
   "failures": 2,
   "success_rate_pct": 96.4,
   "United States": 21,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 23,
   "China": 1,
   "Europe": 8,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 33,
   "commercial": 23,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 56,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2002",
   "attempts": 64,
   "successes": 60,
   "failures": 4,
   "success_rate_pct": 93.8,
   "United States": 17,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 25,
   "China": 5,
   "Europe": 12,
   "Other countries": 5,
   "government": 34,
   "commercial": 30,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 64,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2003",
   "attempts": 57,
   "successes": 55,
   "failures": 2,
   "success_rate_pct": 96.5,
   "United States": 23,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 19,
   "China": 7,
   "Europe": 4,
   "Other countries": 4,
   "government": 31,
   "commercial": 25,
   "unclassified": 1,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 57,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2004",
   "attempts": 52,
   "successes": 49,
   "failures": 3,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.2,
   "United States": 18,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 22,
   "China": 8,
   "Europe": 2,
   "Other countries": 2,
   "government": 28,
   "commercial": 24,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 52,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2005",
   "attempts": 53,
   "successes": 49,
   "failures": 4,
   "success_rate_pct": 92.5,
   "United States": 14,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 23,
   "China": 6,
   "Europe": 7,
   "Other countries": 3,
   "government": 31,
   "commercial": 22,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 53,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2006",
   "attempts": 64,
   "successes": 60,
   "failures": 4,
   "success_rate_pct": 93.8,
   "United States": 21,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 23,
   "China": 6,
   "Europe": 7,
   "Other countries": 7,
   "government": 28,
   "commercial": 36,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 1,
   "others": 63,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2007",
   "attempts": 63,
   "successes": 60,
   "failures": 3,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.2,
   "United States": 17,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 23,
   "China": 9,
   "Europe": 9,
   "Other countries": 5,
   "government": 32,
   "commercial": 31,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 1,
   "others": 62,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2008",
   "attempts": 67,
   "successes": 64,
   "failures": 3,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.5,
   "United States": 19,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 26,
   "China": 11,
   "Europe": 7,
   "Other countries": 4,
   "government": 35,
   "commercial": 32,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 2,
   "others": 65,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2009",
   "attempts": 74,
   "successes": 70,
   "failures": 4,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.6,
   "United States": 22,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 32,
   "China": 6,
   "Europe": 6,
   "Other countries": 8,
   "government": 36,
   "commercial": 38,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 1,
   "others": 73,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2010",
   "attempts": 71,
   "successes": 67,
   "failures": 4,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.4,
   "United States": 14,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 30,
   "China": 14,
   "Europe": 7,
   "Other countries": 6,
   "government": 40,
   "commercial": 31,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 2,
   "others": 69,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2011",
   "attempts": 81,
   "successes": 75,
   "failures": 6,
   "success_rate_pct": 92.6,
   "United States": 16,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 30,
   "China": 19,
   "Europe": 9,
   "Other countries": 7,
   "government": 50,
   "commercial": 31,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 0,
   "others": 81,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2012",
   "attempts": 78,
   "successes": 73,
   "failures": 5,
   "success_rate_pct": 93.6,
   "United States": 16,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 23,
   "China": 19,
   "Europe": 11,
   "Other countries": 9,
   "government": 44,
   "commercial": 34,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 2,
   "others": 76,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2013",
   "attempts": 79,
   "successes": 76,
   "failures": 3,
   "success_rate_pct": 96.2,
   "United States": 19,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 31,
   "China": 14,
   "Europe": 8,
   "Other countries": 7,
   "government": 40,
   "commercial": 39,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 3,
   "others": 76,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2014",
   "attempts": 88,
   "successes": 85,
   "failures": 3,
   "success_rate_pct": 96.6,
   "United States": 22,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 32,
   "China": 15,
   "Europe": 11,
   "Other countries": 8,
   "government": 48,
   "commercial": 40,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 6,
   "others": 82,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2015",
   "attempts": 85,
   "successes": 80,
   "failures": 5,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.1,
   "United States": 19,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 26,
   "China": 19,
   "Europe": 11,
   "Other countries": 10,
   "government": 49,
   "commercial": 36,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 6,
   "others": 79,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2016",
   "attempts": 82,
   "successes": 80,
   "failures": 2,
   "success_rate_pct": 97.6,
   "United States": 20,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 16,
   "China": 22,
   "Europe": 11,
   "Other countries": 13,
   "government": 45,
   "commercial": 37,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 8,
   "others": 74,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2017",
   "attempts": 90,
   "successes": 84,
   "failures": 6,
   "success_rate_pct": 93.3,
   "United States": 29,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 19,
   "China": 18,
   "Europe": 11,
   "Other countries": 13,
   "government": 38,
   "commercial": 52,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 18,
   "others": 72,
   "megaconstellation": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2018",
   "attempts": 107,
   "successes": 104,
   "failures": 3,
   "success_rate_pct": 97.2,
   "United States": 27,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 17,
   "China": 37,
   "Europe": 10,
   "Other countries": 16,
   "government": 60,
   "commercial": 47,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 19,
   "others": 88,
   "megaconstellation": 1
  },
  {
   "year": "2019",
   "attempts": 101,
   "successes": 96,
   "failures": 5,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.0,
   "United States": 20,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 22,
   "China": 34,
   "Europe": 9,
   "Other countries": 16,
   "government": 57,
   "commercial": 44,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 12,
   "others": 89,
   "megaconstellation": 3
  },
  {
   "year": "2020",
   "attempts": 109,
   "successes": 99,
   "failures": 10,
   "success_rate_pct": 90.8,
   "United States": 35,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 12,
   "China": 37,
   "Europe": 10,
   "Other countries": 15,
   "government": 49,
   "commercial": 60,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 25,
   "others": 84,
   "megaconstellation": 18
  },
  {
   "year": "2021",
   "attempts": 144,
   "successes": 133,
   "failures": 11,
   "success_rate_pct": 92.4,
   "United States": 43,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 16,
   "China": 56,
   "Europe": 15,
   "Other countries": 14,
   "government": 69,
   "commercial": 75,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 30,
   "others": 114,
   "megaconstellation": 28
  },
  {
   "year": "2022",
   "attempts": 182,
   "successes": 175,
   "failures": 7,
   "success_rate_pct": 96.2,
   "United States": 75,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 21,
   "China": 64,
   "Europe": 6,
   "Other countries": 16,
   "government": 81,
   "commercial": 101,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 59,
   "others": 123,
   "megaconstellation": 40
  },
  {
   "year": "2023",
   "attempts": 214,
   "successes": 204,
   "failures": 10,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.3,
   "United States": 104,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 18,
   "China": 67,
   "Europe": 2,
   "Other countries": 23,
   "government": 75,
   "commercial": 139,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 94,
   "others": 120,
   "megaconstellation": 67
  },
  {
   "year": "2024",
   "attempts": 255,
   "successes": 249,
   "failures": 6,
   "success_rate_pct": 97.6,
   "United States": 140,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 17,
   "China": 65,
   "Europe": 3,
   "Other countries": 30,
   "government": 77,
   "commercial": 178,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 135,
   "others": 120,
   "megaconstellation": 96
  },
  {
   "year": "2025",
   "attempts": 324,
   "successes": 313,
   "failures": 11,
   "success_rate_pct": 96.6,
   "United States": 177,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 17,
   "China": 91,
   "Europe": 8,
   "Other countries": 31,
   "government": 99,
   "commercial": 225,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 167,
   "others": 157,
   "megaconstellation": 154
  },
  {
   "year": "2026",
   "attempts": 236,
   "successes": 229,
   "failures": 7,
   "success_rate_pct": 97.0,
   "United States": 125,
   "Soviet Union and Russia": 13,
   "China": 70,
   "Europe": 7,
   "Other countries": 21,
   "government": 65,
   "commercial": 171,
   "unclassified": 0,
   "spacex": 115,
   "others": 121,
   "megaconstellation": 113
  }
 ],
 "periods": [
  {
   "period": "1957 to 1959",
   "attempts": 50,
   "successes": 19,
   "failures": 31,
   "success_rate_pct": 38.0
  },
  {
   "period": "1960s",
   "attempts": 920,
   "successes": 763,
   "failures": 157,
   "success_rate_pct": 82.9
  },
  {
   "period": "1970s",
   "attempts": 1189,
   "successes": 1110,
   "failures": 79,
   "success_rate_pct": 93.4
  },
  {
   "period": "1980s",
   "attempts": 1179,
   "successes": 1129,
   "failures": 50,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.8
  },
  {
   "period": "1990s",
   "attempts": 873,
   "successes": 817,
   "failures": 56,
   "success_rate_pct": 93.6
  },
  {
   "period": "2000s",
   "attempts": 635,
   "successes": 602,
   "failures": 33,
   "success_rate_pct": 94.8
  },
  {
   "period": "2010s",
   "attempts": 862,
   "successes": 820,
   "failures": 42,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.1
  },
  {
   "period": "2020 to 2026",
   "attempts": 1464,
   "successes": 1402,
   "failures": 62,
   "success_rate_pct": 95.8
  }
 ],
 "regions": [
  "United States",
  "Soviet Union and Russia",
  "China",
  "Europe",
  "Other countries"
 ],
 "by_launching_state": [
  {
   "state_code": "SU",
   "name": "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics",
   "region": "Soviet Union and Russia",
   "attempts": 2388
  },
  {
   "state_code": "US",
   "name": "United States of America",
   "region": "United States",
   "attempts": 2334
  },
  {
   "state_code": "RU",
   "name": "Russian Federation",
   "region": "Soviet Union and Russia",
   "attempts": 896
  },
  {
   "state_code": "CN",
   "name": "China, People's Republic of",
   "region": "China",
   "attempts": 792
  },
  {
   "state_code": "F",
   "name": "French Republic",
   "region": "Europe",
   "attempts": 346
  },
  {
   "state_code": "J",
   "name": "Japan (Nippon), State of",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 136
  },
  {
   "state_code": "IN",
   "name": "India, Republic of",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 100
  },
  {
   "state_code": "NZ",
   "name": "New Zealand, Realm of",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 83
  },
  {
   "state_code": "IR",
   "name": "Iran, Islamic Republic of",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 21
  },
  {
   "state_code": "I-ESA",
   "name": "European Space Agency",
   "region": "Europe",
   "attempts": 19
  },
  {
   "state_code": "IL",
   "name": "Israel, State of",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 13
  },
  {
   "state_code": "I",
   "name": "Italian Republic",
   "region": "Europe",
   "attempts": 11
  },
  {
   "state_code": "KP",
   "name": "Korea (Choson), Democratic People's Republic of",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 9
  },
  {
   "state_code": "KR",
   "name": "Great Han People's Nation",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 9
  },
  {
   "state_code": "I-ELDO",
   "name": "European Launcher Development Organization",
   "region": "Europe",
   "attempts": 4
  },
  {
   "state_code": "CYM",
   "name": "Cayman Islands BOT",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 4
  },
  {
   "state_code": "UK",
   "name": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland",
   "region": "Europe",
   "attempts": 2
  },
  {
   "state_code": "BR",
   "name": "Brazil, Federal Republic of",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 2
  },
  {
   "state_code": "D",
   "name": "Germany, Federal Republic of",
   "region": "Europe",
   "attempts": 2
  },
  {
   "state_code": "AU",
   "name": "Australia, Commonwealth of",
   "region": "Other countries",
   "attempts": 1
  }
 ],
 "satcat_crosscheck": {
  "method": "Distinct international designators YYYY-NNN in SATCAT, by year, compared with GCAT's orbital and deep-space launches whose success score is above zero.",
  "years_compared": 70,
  "years_exactly_equal": 59,
  "largest_difference": 4,
  "total_gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 6976,
  "total_satcat_launches": 6966,
  "note": "The few non-zero differences are in 2024 to 2026 (Starship test flights count as orbital in GCAT and may leave nothing in the SATCAT) and in a handful of early years.",
  "celestrak_statement": {
   "year": 2025,
   "successful_launches": 315,
   "satcat_launches_that_year": 315,
   "gcat_successes_that_year": 313,
   "gcat_attempts_that_year": 324
  }
 },
 "satcat_crosscheck_rows": [
  {
   "year": "1957",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 2,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 2,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1958",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 8,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 8,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1959",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 13,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 14,
   "difference": 1
  },
  {
   "year": "1960",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 19,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 19,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1961",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 35,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 35,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1962",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 72,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 72,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1963",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 55,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 55,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1964",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 87,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 87,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1965",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 112,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 112,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1966",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 119,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 118,
   "difference": -1
  },
  {
   "year": "1967",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 127,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 127,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1968",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 119,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 119,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1969",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 110,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 110,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1970",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 114,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 114,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1971",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 119,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 121,
   "difference": 2
  },
  {
   "year": "1972",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 106,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 106,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1973",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 109,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 109,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1974",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 106,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 106,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1975",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 125,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 125,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1976",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 128,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 128,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1977",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 124,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 124,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1978",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 124,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 124,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1979",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 106,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 106,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1980",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 105,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 105,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1981",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 123,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 123,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1982",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 121,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 121,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1983",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 127,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 127,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1984",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 129,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 129,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1985",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 120,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 121,
   "difference": 1
  },
  {
   "year": "1986",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 103,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 103,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1987",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 110,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 110,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1988",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 116,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 116,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1989",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 101,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 101,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1990",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 116,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 116,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1991",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 88,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 88,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1992",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 94,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 95,
   "difference": 1
  },
  {
   "year": "1993",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 79,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 79,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1994",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 89,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 89,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1995",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 75,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 74,
   "difference": -1
  },
  {
   "year": "1996",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 73,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 73,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1997",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 86,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 86,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1998",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 77,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 77,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "1999",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 73,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 73,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2000",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 82,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 82,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2001",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 58,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 58,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2002",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 62,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 62,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2003",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 61,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 61,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2004",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 53,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 53,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2005",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 52,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 52,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2006",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 63,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 63,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2007",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 65,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 65,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2008",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 67,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 67,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2009",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 75,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 75,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2010",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 70,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 70,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2011",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 80,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 80,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2012",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 75,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 75,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2013",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 78,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 78,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2014",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 90,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 90,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2015",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 84,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 83,
   "difference": -1
  },
  {
   "year": "2016",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 83,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 83,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2017",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 86,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 86,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2018",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 112,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 112,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2019",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 97,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 97,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2020",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 104,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 104,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2021",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 136,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 135,
   "difference": -1
  },
  {
   "year": "2022",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 179,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 179,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2023",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 212,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 212,
   "difference": 0
  },
  {
   "year": "2024",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 257,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 254,
   "difference": -3
  },
  {
   "year": "2025",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 319,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 315,
   "difference": -4
  },
  {
   "year": "2026",
   "gcat_launches_that_reached_space": 232,
   "celestrak_satcat_launches": 228,
   "difference": -4
  }
 ],
 "row_count": 70
}