{
 "id": "space_exoplanets",
 "title": "Confirmed exoplanets",
 "label": "Public data",
 "source": "NASA Exoplanet Archive, Planetary Systems Composite Parameters table (DOI 10.26133/NEA13), operated by Caltech for NASA",
 "source_urls": {
  "table": "https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PSCompPars",
  "tap_query": "https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/TAP/sync?query=select+pl_name,hostname,discoverymethod,disc_year,disc_facility,sy_snum,sy_pnum,sy_dist,ra,dec,pl_rade,pl_bmasse,pl_orbper,disc_pubdate+from+pscomppars+order+by+pl_name&format=csv",
  "statistics": "https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/counts_detail.html",
  "acknowledgment": "https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/acknowledge.html",
  "doi": "https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/doi.html",
  "tap_documentation": "https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/TAP/usingTAP.html"
 },
 "license": "The archive states no licence text. It asks that users include its standard acknowledgment in any published material that uses its services, and cite Christiansen et al. (2025), the archive's paper in the Planetary Science Journal, or the table's DOI. The planet data are compiled from the refereed literature, and the archive says to acknowledge a specific reference when its data are used.",
 "credit": "This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program.",
 "retrieved": "2026-10-08",
 "period": "1992 to 2026-10-08",
 "release": "Table read through TAP on 2026-10-08; the most recent discovery publication date in the table is 2026-09",
 "unit": "Number of confirmed planets; distance in light years",
 "basis": "A confirmed planet is a row of the Planetary Systems Composite Parameters table (one row per planet, with values combined from different references). The archive includes a planet when its properties are in a refereed publication and its planetary status is unambiguous. Discovery year and method are the archive's own columns (disc_year, discoverymethod). Methods other than transit, radial velocity, microlensing and direct imaging are grouped as Other.",
 "query": "No key. One TAP request: select pl_name, hostname, discoverymethod, disc_year, disc_facility, sy_snum, sy_pnum, sy_dist, ra, dec, pl_rade, pl_bmasse, pl_orbper, disc_pubdate from pscomppars order by pl_name. 6,445 rows. The script grouped the rows by disc_year and discoverymethod, grouped them by host star for distances, and recomputed the total (6,445), the count for each of 11 discovery methods and the counts for Kepler, K2 and TESS; all equal the numbers on the archive's own statistics page (docs/counts_detail.html). For every host star, all its planets carry the same distance and position, and no host has more planet rows than the archive's planet count for its system (sy_pnum).",
 "caveat": "Discoveries are shaped by how each method works, so the counts are not a census of planets in the galaxy. Transit surveys find planets that cross their star as seen from here, and the Kepler and TESS missions looked at particular patches of sky, so the distance bands show where telescopes looked, not where planets are. Most planets in the archive are large enough to see; small, cool, distant planets are mostly missing. The latest year is partial. Discovery year is the year of the publication that announced the planet. A few values change when a paper revises them: the table is updated weekly. Distances are those of the host star in the archive, from parallax where it exists.",
 "latest": {
  "planets": 6445,
  "systems": 4842,
  "year": 2026
 },
 "kpi": {
  "planets": 6445,
  "systems": 4842,
  "multi_planet_systems": 1068,
  "transit_pct": 74.2,
  "transit_planets": 4781,
  "radial_velocity_planets": 1203,
  "peak_year": "2016",
  "peak_year_planets": 1504,
  "peak_year_top_facilities": [
   {
    "facility": "Kepler",
    "planets": 1276
   },
   {
    "facility": "K2",
    "planets": 103
   },
   {
    "facility": "Multiple Observatories",
    "planets": 20
   }
  ],
  "nearest_15_radial_velocity_only": 15,
  "current_year_planets": 355,
  "nearest": {
   "host": "Proxima Cen",
   "distance_ly": 4.24,
   "distance_pc": 1.301,
   "planets": 2
  },
  "within_100_ly_planets": 541,
  "median_distance_ly": 1139,
  "systems_with_distance": 4814,
  "systems_without_distance": 28,
  "largest_system": {
   "host": "KOI-351",
   "planets": 8
  }
 },
 "by_year": [
  {
   "year": "1992",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 0,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 2,
   "total": 2,
   "cumulative": 2
  },
  {
   "year": "1993",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 0,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 0,
   "cumulative": 2
  },
  {
   "year": "1994",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 0,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 1,
   "total": 1,
   "cumulative": 3
  },
  {
   "year": "1995",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 1,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 1,
   "cumulative": 4
  },
  {
   "year": "1996",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 6,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 6,
   "cumulative": 10
  },
  {
   "year": "1997",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 1,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 1,
   "cumulative": 11
  },
  {
   "year": "1998",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 6,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 6,
   "cumulative": 17
  },
  {
   "year": "1999",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 13,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 13,
   "cumulative": 30
  },
  {
   "year": "2000",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 16,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 16,
   "cumulative": 46
  },
  {
   "year": "2001",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 12,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 12,
   "cumulative": 58
  },
  {
   "year": "2002",
   "Transit": 1,
   "Radial velocity": 28,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 29,
   "cumulative": 87
  },
  {
   "year": "2003",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 21,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 1,
   "total": 22,
   "cumulative": 109
  },
  {
   "year": "2004",
   "Transit": 5,
   "Radial velocity": 18,
   "Microlensing": 1,
   "Imaging": 3,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 27,
   "cumulative": 136
  },
  {
   "year": "2005",
   "Transit": 0,
   "Radial velocity": 33,
   "Microlensing": 2,
   "Imaging": 1,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 36,
   "cumulative": 172
  },
  {
   "year": "2006",
   "Transit": 5,
   "Radial velocity": 21,
   "Microlensing": 1,
   "Imaging": 5,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 32,
   "cumulative": 204
  },
  {
   "year": "2007",
   "Transit": 16,
   "Radial velocity": 34,
   "Microlensing": 0,
   "Imaging": 1,
   "Other methods": 1,
   "total": 52,
   "cumulative": 256
  },
  {
   "year": "2008",
   "Transit": 15,
   "Radial velocity": 36,
   "Microlensing": 4,
   "Imaging": 7,
   "Other methods": 0,
   "total": 62,
   "cumulative": 318
  },
  {
   "year": "2009",
   "Transit": 18,
   "Radial velocity": 66,
   "Microlensing": 2,
   "Imaging": 0,
   "Other methods": 1,
   "total": 87,
   "cumulative": 405
  },
  {
   "year": "2010",
   "Transit": 46,
   "Radial velocity": 37,
   "Microlensing": 2,
   "Imaging": 6,
   "Other methods": 2,
   "total": 93,
   "cumulative": 498
  },
  {
   "year": "2011",
   "Transit": 80,
   "Radial velocity": 49,
   "Microlensing": 1,
   "Imaging": 2,
   "Other methods": 9,
   "total": 141,
   "cumulative": 639
  },
  {
   "year": "2012",
   "Transit": 94,
   "Radial velocity": 39,
   "Microlensing": 7,
   "Imaging": 2,
   "Other methods": 2,
   "total": 144,
   "cumulative": 783
  },
  {
   "year": "2013",
   "Transit": 79,
   "Radial velocity": 34,
   "Microlensing": 5,
   "Imaging": 7,
   "Other methods": 3,
   "total": 128,
   "cumulative": 911
  },
  {
   "year": "2014",
   "Transit": 810,
   "Radial velocity": 48,
   "Microlensing": 6,
   "Imaging": 2,
   "Other methods": 6,
   "total": 872,
   "cumulative": 1783
  },
  {
   "year": "2015",
   "Transit": 99,
   "Radial velocity": 46,
   "Microlensing": 4,
   "Imaging": 5,
   "Other methods": 1,
   "total": 155,
   "cumulative": 1938
  },
  {
   "year": "2016",
   "Transit": 1432,
   "Radial velocity": 58,
   "Microlensing": 10,
   "Imaging": 2,
   "Other methods": 2,
   "total": 1504,
   "cumulative": 3442
  },
  {
   "year": "2017",
   "Transit": 87,
   "Radial velocity": 48,
   "Microlensing": 10,
   "Imaging": 3,
   "Other methods": 4,
   "total": 152,
   "cumulative": 3594
  },
  {
   "year": "2018",
   "Transit": 244,
   "Radial velocity": 38,
   "Microlensing": 21,
   "Imaging": 3,
   "Other methods": 2,
   "total": 308,
   "cumulative": 3902
  },
  {
   "year": "2019",
   "Transit": 107,
   "Radial velocity": 65,
   "Microlensing": 14,
   "Imaging": 4,
   "Other methods": 4,
   "total": 194,
   "cumulative": 4096
  },
  {
   "year": "2020",
   "Transit": 164,
   "Radial velocity": 46,
   "Microlensing": 20,
   "Imaging": 3,
   "Other methods": 1,
   "total": 234,
   "cumulative": 4330
  },
  {
   "year": "2021",
   "Transit": 457,
   "Radial velocity": 77,
   "Microlensing": 21,
   "Imaging": 5,
   "Other methods": 4,
   "total": 564,
   "cumulative": 4894
  },
  {
   "year": "2022",
   "Transit": 192,
   "Radial velocity": 115,
   "Microlensing": 51,
   "Imaging": 4,
   "Other methods": 5,
   "total": 367,
   "cumulative": 5261
  },
  {
   "year": "2023",
   "Transit": 225,
   "Radial velocity": 56,
   "Microlensing": 30,
   "Imaging": 7,
   "Other methods": 5,
   "total": 323,
   "cumulative": 5584
  },
  {
   "year": "2024",
   "Transit": 187,
   "Radial velocity": 29,
   "Microlensing": 28,
   "Imaging": 11,
   "Other methods": 5,
   "total": 260,
   "cumulative": 5844
  },
  {
   "year": "2025",
   "Transit": 144,
   "Radial velocity": 62,
   "Microlensing": 23,
   "Imaging": 8,
   "Other methods": 9,
   "total": 246,
   "cumulative": 6090
  },
  {
   "year": "2026",
   "Transit": 274,
   "Radial velocity": 44,
   "Microlensing": 29,
   "Imaging": 6,
   "Other methods": 2,
   "total": 355,
   "cumulative": 6445
  }
 ],
 "methods": [
  {
   "method": "Transit",
   "planets": 4781,
   "share_pct": 74.2
  },
  {
   "method": "Radial Velocity",
   "planets": 1203,
   "share_pct": 18.7
  },
  {
   "method": "Microlensing",
   "planets": 292,
   "share_pct": 4.5
  },
  {
   "method": "Imaging",
   "planets": 97,
   "share_pct": 1.5
  },
  {
   "method": "Transit Timing Variations",
   "planets": 29,
   "share_pct": 0.4
  },
  {
   "method": "Eclipse Timing Variations",
   "planets": 17,
   "share_pct": 0.3
  },
  {
   "method": "Orbital Brightness Modulation",
   "planets": 9,
   "share_pct": 0.1
  },
  {
   "method": "Pulsar Timing",
   "planets": 8,
   "share_pct": 0.1
  },
  {
   "method": "Astrometry",
   "planets": 6,
   "share_pct": 0.1
  },
  {
   "method": "Pulsation Timing Variations",
   "planets": 2,
   "share_pct": 0.0
  },
  {
   "method": "Disk Kinematics",
   "planets": 1,
   "share_pct": 0.0
  }
 ],
 "facilities_top": [
  {
   "facility": "Kepler",
   "planets": 2787,
   "share_pct": 43.2
  },
  {
   "facility": "Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)",
   "planets": 1008,
   "share_pct": 15.6
  },
  {
   "facility": "K2",
   "planets": 550,
   "share_pct": 8.5
  },
  {
   "facility": "Multiple Observatories",
   "planets": 355,
   "share_pct": 5.5
  },
  {
   "facility": "La Silla Observatory",
   "planets": 311,
   "share_pct": 4.8
  },
  {
   "facility": "W. M. Keck Observatory",
   "planets": 193,
   "share_pct": 3.0
  },
  {
   "facility": "KMTNet",
   "planets": 147,
   "share_pct": 2.3
  },
  {
   "facility": "SuperWASP",
   "planets": 122,
   "share_pct": 1.9
  },
  {
   "facility": "OGLE",
   "planets": 112,
   "share_pct": 1.7
  },
  {
   "facility": "HATSouth",
   "planets": 73,
   "share_pct": 1.1
  }
 ],
 "nearest_systems": [
  {
   "host": "Proxima Cen",
   "distance_pc": 1.301,
   "distance_ly": 4.24,
   "planets": 2,
   "stars_in_system": 3,
   "discovery_years": "2016 to 2025",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "Barnard's star",
   "distance_pc": 1.827,
   "distance_ly": 5.96,
   "planets": 4,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2024 to 2025",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "eps Eri",
   "distance_pc": 3.203,
   "distance_ly": 10.45,
   "planets": 1,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2000",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "GJ 887",
   "distance_pc": 3.287,
   "distance_ly": 10.72,
   "planets": 4,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2020 to 2026",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "Ross 128",
   "distance_pc": 3.375,
   "distance_ly": 11.01,
   "planets": 1,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2017",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "Gl 725 A",
   "distance_pc": 3.521,
   "distance_ly": 11.49,
   "planets": 1,
   "stars_in_system": 2,
   "discovery_years": "2025",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "GJ 15 A",
   "distance_pc": 3.562,
   "distance_ly": 11.62,
   "planets": 2,
   "stars_in_system": 2,
   "discovery_years": "2014 to 2018",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "tau Cet",
   "distance_pc": 3.603,
   "distance_ly": 11.75,
   "planets": 3,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2017",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "eps Ind A",
   "distance_pc": 3.639,
   "distance_ly": 11.87,
   "planets": 1,
   "stars_in_system": 3,
   "discovery_years": "2019",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "GJ 1061",
   "distance_pc": 3.673,
   "distance_ly": 11.98,
   "planets": 3,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2020",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "YZ Cet",
   "distance_pc": 3.712,
   "distance_ly": 12.11,
   "planets": 3,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2017",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "Teegarden's Star",
   "distance_pc": 3.831,
   "distance_ly": 12.49,
   "planets": 3,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2019 to 2024",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "Kapteyn",
   "distance_pc": 3.933,
   "distance_ly": 12.83,
   "planets": 1,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2014",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "Wolf 1061",
   "distance_pc": 4.306,
   "distance_ly": 14.04,
   "planets": 3,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2015",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "GJ 9066",
   "distance_pc": 4.471,
   "distance_ly": 14.58,
   "planets": 1,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2020",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "GJ 674",
   "distance_pc": 4.549,
   "distance_ly": 14.84,
   "planets": 1,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2007",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "GJ 687",
   "distance_pc": 4.549,
   "distance_ly": 14.84,
   "planets": 2,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2014 to 2020",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "GJ 876",
   "distance_pc": 4.675,
   "distance_ly": 15.25,
   "planets": 4,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "1998 to 2010",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "GJ 1002",
   "distance_pc": 4.849,
   "distance_ly": 15.81,
   "planets": 2,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2022",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  },
  {
   "host": "GJ 832",
   "distance_pc": 4.964,
   "distance_ly": 16.19,
   "planets": 1,
   "stars_in_system": 1,
   "discovery_years": "2008",
   "methods": "Radial Velocity"
  }
 ],
 "distance_bands": [
  {
   "band": "Under 50 light years",
   "from_ly": 0,
   "systems": 125,
   "planets": 227
  },
  {
   "band": "50 to 100",
   "from_ly": 50,
   "systems": 202,
   "planets": 314
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  {
   "band": "100 to 250",
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   "systems": 583,
   "planets": 833
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  {
   "band": "250 to 500",
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   "systems": 541,
   "planets": 700
  },
  {
   "band": "500 to 1,000",
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   "systems": 692,
   "planets": 886
  },
  {
   "band": "1,000 to 2,000",
   "from_ly": 1000,
   "systems": 956,
   "planets": 1251
  },
  {
   "band": "2,000 to 5,000",
   "from_ly": 2000,
   "systems": 1289,
   "planets": 1735
  },
  {
   "band": "Over 5,000",
   "from_ly": 5000,
   "systems": 426,
   "planets": 471
  }
 ],
 "cross_check": {
  "page": "https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/counts_detail.html",
  "total": {
   "archive_statistics_page": 6445,
   "recomputed": 6445
  },
  "methods": [
   {
    "method": "Astrometry",
    "archive_statistics_page": 6,
    "recomputed": 6
   },
   {
    "method": "Imaging",
    "archive_statistics_page": 97,
    "recomputed": 97
   },
   {
    "method": "Radial Velocity",
    "archive_statistics_page": 1203,
    "recomputed": 1203
   },
   {
    "method": "Transit",
    "archive_statistics_page": 4781,
    "recomputed": 4781
   },
   {
    "method": "Transit Timing Variations",
    "archive_statistics_page": 29,
    "recomputed": 29
   },
   {
    "method": "Eclipse Timing Variations",
    "archive_statistics_page": 17,
    "recomputed": 17
   },
   {
    "method": "Microlensing",
    "archive_statistics_page": 292,
    "recomputed": 292
   },
   {
    "method": "Pulsar Timing",
    "archive_statistics_page": 8,
    "recomputed": 8
   },
   {
    "method": "Pulsation Timing Variations",
    "archive_statistics_page": 2,
    "recomputed": 2
   },
   {
    "method": "Orbital Brightness Modulation",
    "archive_statistics_page": 9,
    "recomputed": 9
   },
   {
    "method": "Disk Kinematics",
    "archive_statistics_page": 1,
    "recomputed": 1
   }
  ],
  "facilities": [
   {
    "facility": "Kepler",
    "archive_statistics_page": 2787,
    "recomputed": 2787
   },
   {
    "facility": "K2",
    "archive_statistics_page": 550,
    "recomputed": 550
   },
   {
    "facility": "TESS",
    "archive_statistics_page": 1008,
    "recomputed": 1008
   }
  ],
  "mismatches": 0
 },
 "exo_nearby": {
  "path": "data/space/exo_nearby.json",
  "rows": 100,
  "farthest_ly": 41.47,
  "bytes": 7425
 },
 "constants": {
  "parsec_in_light_years": 3.26156,
  "basis": "648000/pi astronomical units per parsec, 63,241.077 astronomical units per light year"
 },
 "row_count": 35
}